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NORDMENDE…

20th 2 月 20237th 3 月 2025
by giovanni

Also this reviews will be accompanied by a section with graphs of technical measures of the most important parameters.
There is no such thing anywhere else, as far as I know. Not even the manufacturers themselves detailed the technical features of their own devices at this level.
This new section has been developed for an objective comparison of different devices.
In order to avoid interpreting the measurements incorrectly, it is very important to read the warnings carefully the first time.

The Nordmende Spectra Futura is the only transistor device of the German brand that we will review on this site.
We will examine it for its design resulting from the collaboration between the Nordmende design center and the famous American designer Raymond Loewy.
Will talk about Loewy later on this page. However, we all know the products he designed, such as the Coca-Cola bottle or the Lucky Strike pack.

Collaborating with the American designer was a very good choice. The device was a sales success and overshadowed all similar radio receivers of other brands, which sometimes tried to awkwardly imitate its shapes.
It was produced in many versions, with many color combinations, as shown in the brochures of the time shown here.
The most flamboyant model is certainly the Orange-Red, while the most elegant is with solid aluminum bands and wooden cabinet.

Nordmende produced both monophonic and stereophonic versions of this device. Both models are visible in the photos on this page. Obviously the stereophonic version is the most satisfying from a musical point of view.

The electronic design of this model is interesting from our point of view. Being a few years that the transistors were used for commercial purposes, the circuits were very similar to the tube circuits. The voltages and polarizations changed, but the principle schemes were almost the same, so the sound of the amplifiers of this period is close to the sound of the tube ones.

The FM section is quite stable, very traditional and time-tested.

Conclusions: A beautiful device to look at, which adapts to modern as well as vintage furnishings, with a pleasant and sufficiently powerful sound. A piece of design made in the USA in a machine made in Germany in a handcrafted restoration made in Italy.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The first song is by Megan Thee Stallion and Dua Lipa, it's called Sweetest Pie. Megan Jovon Ruth Pete, aka Megan Thee Stallion for her imposing build, is a Texan rapper and girl prodigy. In a few years he has received considerable public and critical success, famous on TikTok his Savage remixed with Beyoncé. In 2021, she was awarded Best Debut Artist. In 2022 he published in collaboration with the singer Dua Lipa, Sweetest Pie (Sweet cake). The song is permeated with very explicit sensuality, as is Megan's style. An irreverent debut in the presentation of the spectacular Nordmende Spectra Futura.

And irreverence and sensuality are the leitmotifs of the second piece, The quadrille of bullfighters from Bizet's Carmen.
The apparent lack of morality of the protagonist, her vitality, the immeasurable propensity for freedom make her incomprehensible, unacceptable to Don José, who falls madly in love with her and as in the worst traditions will end up killing her. The Spectra Futura, despite the small numbers, manages to highlight the chorus and the orchestra with a momentum typical of much more muscular machines.

The third song, played by Antonio Serrano (mouth organ) and Javier Colina (double bass,) is actually by Stevie Wonder, Overjoyed. The title, overflowing with joy, does not hide the meaning and impulse of the piece. The text of "Overjoyed" speaks of a love not reciprocated, indeed, hidden, lived all alone on one side. Stevie wants to reveal to his beloved how deep is the feeling he has for her, hoping that she will accept it and reciprocate. Musically, the piece is characterized by the continuous changes of key and the use of natural sounds as a rhythmic basis. Serrano's harmonica is well enhanced by the Spectra Futura which puts it a head ahead of the double bass, as it should be.

The fourth song is the famous Back to Black by Amy Winehouse. “Back to Black” means returning to a state of depression after the end of a love affair. She specifies that it is a state of despondency in which the pain of loneliness drowns in alcohol and drugs. The reference is to the tormented story with Blake Fielder-Civil, which led to her death after a physically and psychologically toxic marriage, where Amy, already debilitated by eating disorders, did not last long.

The fifth song, again by Stevie Wonder, dedicated to his wife, Syreeta Wright. You are the sunshine of my life. The couple was actually already divorced by the time the song hit. Their marriage has always been difficult due to the singer's work schedule. "I've always lived in his shadow," Wright said. However Wonder was very devoted to Syreeta. In the song the husband looks at his now familiar wife and remembers why he loves her and promises he always will. But it didn't work out for this couple.

Raymond Loewy appears twice on the cover of the prestigious TIME magazine, in 1949 and 1990 as one of the 100 most influential Americans of the 20th century

Born in Paris in 1893, he emigrated to the USA at the end of the First World War. He was one of the most prolific and creative designers in the world, and perhaps deserves the title of father of industrial design.

His work is not limited to a single sector but extends over the most diverse areas.

Much can be read about his work online and in the numerous books dedicated to him, but probably few know that in 1973 he worked on a diplomatic project between the United States and the USSR with the aim of easing tensions between the two countries during the Cold War period.

A very small part of his most famous works

1939 - The Pennsylvania Railroad S1 steam locomotive
1940 - The pack of Lucky Strike cigarettes
1954 - The Scenicruiser bus for Greyhound company
1955 - Coke - The first large format bottle, and in 1960 the first steel can.
1962 - Studebacker Avanti with bodywork made of fiberglass reinforced polyester, speed over 240 km/h.
1962 - Air Force One, designed following the color indications of President John Kennedy, who followed the tastes of First Lady Jaqueline.
1967 - The Nordmende Spectra Futura designer radio, which was successfully marketed the following year.
1971 - Shell logo, which has remained almost unchanged to this day.

蓝牙

加装蓝牙接收器

多平台的连接

每台收音机都配备了一条连接到任何数字设备的音频线。

MEASURED TECHNICAL FEATURES

IMPORTANT REMARK
(to be read carefully at least the first time)

The following measures have been carried out in order to compare, from an electrical point of view, the devices that will be reviewed on this site. It is not possible to make comparisons with measurements made by other laboratories on different devices. The instrumentation and measurement conditions are probably very different.
The instrumentation used for the measurements is obsolete and unprofessional. We believe that more precise instrumentation is not necessary due to the tolerances of the human auditory system. Distinguishing a distortion of 1% from one of 1.1% or 1.001% only makes sense from the electrical point of view. Probably no one can hear the difference by ear. Only a child and very few lucky people can perceive the difference between a flat response curve up to 16 KHz and one up to 20 kHz.
The perception of sound depends on many factors, namely the age of the listener, the listening environment, the musical genre that is being reproduced, the listener's expectations, his or her listening habits and knowledge and many other factors, besides of course the quality of the other devices. Therefore, there is no direct and unique relationship between the results of the measurements made and the pleasantness of listening to a specific device.

BANDWIDTH

Normally the measurement of the bandwidth is done on a resistive load. The deformation caused by the loudspeakers' inductive load and the effect of the mechanical resonance of the speakers themselves on the feedback circuit are not considered. The effects are by no means negligible, the measurements carried out on a purely resistive load are always very linear but they don't coincide with the real frequency response.

On the other hand, this response curve was measured on an inductive laod, that is, with its own loudspeakers.
The frequency response measurements were made with a sinusoidal generator and a Wandel & Goltermann WM – 20 level meter.
You can see the actual frequency response on the vobulator' screen.

As you can see the low tones are slightly enhanced due to the always active loudness correction.

The original speaker, or speakers in the stereo model, is a modest Isophon P13F.
Its most important features are:

Maximum power 5W
Resonance frequency 130Hz
Frequency response 80-14000Hz
Sensitivity N.C.

The loudspeaker seemed to us not being able to fully express the good characteristics of the amplifier, for this reason we decided to replace it with an excellent JBL GTO525e or similar.
The features of the last is completely different:

Maximum power 135W
Resonance frequency 80Hz
Frequency response 70 - 21000Hz
Sensitivity 92dB

With this new loudspeaker the frequency response and power handling have changed radically.
Compatibly with the small dimensions of the cabinet and the limited power, the sound is now much warmer and more convincing. The effect of exaggerated emphasis of the mid tones due to the difficulty of reproducing the low and very high tones of the old loudspeaker has completely disappeared.

In the end, a beautiful sound capable of filling even a medium-sized room.

m47 - cn

Siemens S…

13th 2 月 201925th 4 月 2023
by giovanni

The Siemens Schatulle was produced between 1954 and 1955 and it was another of the best and most successful models of the entire Schatulle series.
Sold in a limited number of items due its high cost and dimension, it was, together with the P48, the model with the most impressive sound impact of the entire Siemens production.

- The power stage is the same as the P48's one, a pair of Push-Pull EL84, a sophisticated counterreaction system, physiological volume control, separate high and bass sound controls.
- There are three ELA series loudspeakers, all of them with double come and highly efficient. Siemens used to have these loudspeakers on its professional installation and in movie theatres.
- Despite its power, this device reproduces sounds with such a fascinating smoothness that can be had , once again, through the large band loudspeakers. These loudspeakers reproduce indeed the entire audible array with a continuity and linearity unknown to multivia systems. Extreme acutes are not so sharp as in electrostatic loudspeakers, but the maker's choice in this device aimed to create roundness and pleasentness of sounds.
- Dimensions are those of an important device. Its shape captures our attention and in every ambience the device's majesty makes it the epicenter of the room, especially when its front windows are open.

This device is best to be listened in on in a spacious room and played out loud.
The tuning stability allows the last station to be perfectly centered after days.
The mechanics is “simple” but robust. The electronic parts are rather complex, but don't worry, it's completely restored.

This one is a device only for a few lucky ones.

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth receiver embed

MULTI PLATFORM CONNECTION

Each radio is equipped with a cable for connection to any digital device.

- Bluetooth receiver embed - The unit is equipped with a BLUETOOTH receiver powered directly by the receiver power supply. This makes it possible to control the amplifier from any external digital device as an IPAD, a Smartphone, or a sophisticated multimedia station. So you can hear your preferred web station or your lossesless file without cables on the room. Wireless Receiver can be equipped upon requests.
- Multi Platform Connection - A customized adaptation cable to connect any digital device as Iphone, Smartphone, Laptop, CD Player etc. will be provided with this radio. This special cable suits the different impedances between the modern equipment and the receiver. Furthermore the two stereo channels flow into one without increasing the load to the input unit.

Inside the cabinet there is a dipole for FM reception and a ferrite rotating aerial for AM reception.
Ferrite aerial can be rotated from the outside to achieve a perfect tuning of the device in the AM.
In this picture see the rotation mechanism and the position indicator of the aerial.
The reception sensitivity with internal aerials is very good. This unit was in fact produced in a period when there were not many radio stations and those available fairly apart from each others.
Using an external aerial sensitivity is further increased.

brionvega rr130 - cn

Brionvega…

13th 2 月 201921st 9 月 2023
by giovanni

Brionvega is certainly the Italian brand of electronic equipment that left the deepest mark in the history of world design.
On this page, one of the most beautiful equipment of the Brionvega is presented: the TOTEM RR130.
It was designed by the architect and designer Mario Bellini in 1970.

Eight times Compasso d'Oro, Bellini counts among his most famous creations the Centro Espositivo e Congressuale di Villa Erba (Exhibition and Congress Center of Villa Erba) in Cernobbio, the Tokyo Design Center in Japan, the America Headquarters of Natuzzi in the United States, the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne, the Headquarters of the Deutsche Bank in Frankfurt, the Department of Islamic Arts at the Louvre in Paris, the new Convention Center in Milan.

The Brionvega Totem, along with others of Bellini's works, is exhibited at the MOMA in New York. It is visible on this page of the museum.

When closed it looks like a smooth cube of 51 cm per side.
Once opened, the turntable, the console and the two adjustable and removable speakers are found.
The turntable is a beautiful DUAL 1257 with a magnetic cartridge DUAL DN145E. The turntable and the cartridge will be analysed in detail later.
The central body includes a 22W stereo amplifier, an AM/FM tuner and a muzak receiver.

The Totem project follows the famous RR126 Radiofonografo. The two devices share different circuits, but several improvements and updates have been implemented in the Totem.

The acoustic quality is interesting. Leaving the speakers in their rotating supports, the distance between them is sufficient to guarantee a fair stereo separation, even if the best results are surely obtained by extracting the speakers from their supports and placing them at a distance of more than 1,5 meters.
The power is more than enough to fill medium-sized environments.
Rather than the frequency response, which is still quite linear, the most interesting feature is the kind of musicality the device can express. In fact, the sound is warm and mellow, close to the sound of tube amplifiers. This result derives from the type of circuit with a low negative feedback rate and the use of fair components, in complete contrast to the projects of Japanese derivation that were so fashionable in the 1970s.

A musicality with these features, a brilliant design, such a strong personality have determined its remarkable commercial success.

In our restorations we propose a small modification to the loudspeakers by equipping them with a brighter tweeter, which associated with the insertion of a bluetooth 5.1 circuit or of a wi-fi connection allows the listening of liquid music or any web-station of the world with a satisfying level of pleasantness in the listening.

The aesthetic remains absolutely unaltered but the sound changes significantly, becoming considerably more precise and free of disturbances.

Almost all the devices that are sent to us are stained, yellowed and with damaged edges.
For this reason we have equipped ourselves for the total double repainting (white and anthracite) and the screen printing of all the front and back writings.

These incredible restorations are photographically documented at the bottom of the page in the dedicated section.

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth receiver embed

CONNESSIONE A DISPOSITIVI DIGITALI

Each radio is equipped with a cable for connection to any digital device.

In 1945 in Milan, Giuseppe Brion and the engineer Leone Pajetta founded the B.P.M. (Brion Pajetta Milano), electronic component production company.
At the beginning of the 50s the company specialized in the production of radio devices and becomes the Vega B.P. Radio.
At the beginning of the 60s specialized in the production of Tvs and becomes Radio Vega Television.
In 1963, the company takes the definitive name of Brionvega.

Brionvega since ever had world-known designers and produced objects that are exposed in the most famous international museums.
Among the firsts designers Zanuso and Sapper, 1964, that projected the portable TV Algol 11 (picture on the bottom left) and the radio TS 502, the “cube” (picutre on the bottom right).
In 1965 the Castiglioni brothers (ppicture on the top left) signed then the Stereophonic Radiofonografo RR126.
In 1970 the designer Mario Bellini traces the shape of the stereo system “Totem” (picture on the top right).
In 1992, the company is sold by the Brion family to the Seleco.
In 1997 Seleco goes out of business and Brionvega, controlled, does so.
In 2004 SIM2 Multimedia has acquired the part of the Brionvega company dedicated to the radio production.
In 2010 SIM2 Multimedia acquires also the TV sector of the historical italian brand.

TURNTABLE

The turntable used in the Totem is the DUAL 1257.
This is an excellent semi-automatic equipped with a DUAL 16-pole motor, with belt transmission and a very heavy plate, for an excellent rotation stability; wow and flutter, in fact, remain within a small 0,05%.
The belt transmission and the detachment of all the not necessary mechanisms during operation allow to reach a signal / noise ratio of 68dB.
The 1257 is equipped with stroboscope and fine adjustment of the speed. It is also provided with micrometric adjustment of the bracket weight and separate Antiskating settings for Conical or Elliptical stylus.

VOLUME CONTROLS

The Totem RR130 is equipped with two separate volume controls.
- The first (LOUDNESS) changes the level by automatically changing the frequency response curve according to a physiological criterion (at low volume the bass and treble are enhanced).
- The second (VOLUME) changes the level, leaving the frequency response curve unchanged.
Both commands increase the overall output level.

Listening to LOW LEVEL: turn the volume knob to maximum and act only on the loudness knob to get the desired level.
Listening to MEDIUM LEVEL: turn the volume knob halfway and turn the loudness knob to get the desired level.
Listening to HIGH LEVEL: act on both the volume and loudness knobs to get the desired level.

Each speaker is equipped with three cone speakers, a woofer, a midrange and a tweeter.

Curious is the electrical connections between loudspeakers and amplifier. It is obtained simply by inserting the loudspeakers box into the appropriate support tube, equipped with slide contacts.

The woofer and the mid are quite adequate to the characteristics of the amplifier.
The tweeter is a little silky, soft, it lacks a bit in transparency in the higher frequencies.
This feature was totally irrelevant in radio reproduction, while using the Totem for listening to liquid music or other digital sources we prefer to replace the tweeter with a more modern and brilliant one.
Also the reproduction of vinyls benefits considerably from this.
Of course, in our restorations, the modification leaves the external aesthetics completely unchanged.

freiburg w3 - cn

Saba Frei…

6th 4 月 201818th 2 月 2024
by giovanni

Saba Freiburg WIII is the company's flagship model in 1953. In that year, only Grundig 5050 could compete with Saba Freiburg in terms of sound quality.
No other device was provided with concentric loudspeakers and, at the same time, with the 2 x EL84 (6BQ8) push-pull power amplifier.
The sound performance is very satisfying in both devices. The tweeter aligned with the woofer plays voices and solo instruments with unsuspecting brightness and presence.
With the second reinforcing woofer, the depth of the bass is inspiring and the holding power is also remarkable.
We are talking about actual 7W which, with such powerful loudspeakers, enough for large places.
The solution of concentric loudspeakers, unfortunately, was not adopted for the devices subsequently created both by Saba and Grunding, but it was later taken up by Graetz for some of its top-of-the-rang models.
Now, it is one of the most adopted solutions in Hi-End speakers.

In the radio section, three peculiarities can be underlined:

the Muting button
By pushing this button, the FM stations search becomes very quiet. The noise and interferences that are normally heard while moving from one station to another in the research phase are quietened. The Tuning Indicator decreases its sensitivity in the interval between two stations, regaining automatically the maximum sensitivity as soon as it gets closer to the station. A pleasant and exclusive refinement.
KW-Lupe
When listening to broadcasts in the short wave band, tuning is often difficult because of the small bandwidth. It only takes a slight movement of the knob to lose the station. In order to solve this problem, Saba drew up the tuning precision control in Short Waves (KW-Lupe). This is how it works: press button K to select the Short Wave band. Tune to a radio station through the big knob of AM bands. Finally, refine the tuning by turning the small knob of the FM band, which in this case works as precision tuning for Short Waves.
ORT-S.
It is possible to store a radio station in Medium Waves and rename it simply by pushing the ORT-S button. The storing mechanism is very simple. Press button ORT-S. Under the radio there is a hole with a screw. By turning that screw with a screwdriver, it is possible to tune to the favourite station. From this moment, every time the button ORT-S will be pushed it will tune to the preset station. In order to listen to other broadcasts in Medium Waves, it will be necessary to just push the button M and use normally the big tuning knob.

As usual for German companies, the series name, Freiburg in this case, is maintained throughout the years, even if the models produced are very different from each other. Among the devices of the Freiburg series, the WIII model has unique features. The previous models do not have the same tone controls, the next models lack the concentric loudspeakers. They have other features, equally interesting... but not these.

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth receiver embed

MULTI PLATFORM CONNECTION

Each radio is equipped with a cable for connection to any digital device.

Bluetooth receiver embed – The unit is equipped with a BLUETOOTH receiver powered directly by the receiver power supply. This makes it possible to control the amplifier from any external digital device as an IPAD, a Smartphone, or a sophisticated multimedia station. So you can hear your preferred web station or your lossesless file without cables on the room. Wireless Receiver can be equipped upon requests.

– Multi Platform Connection – A customized adaptation cable to connect any digital device as Iphone, Smartphone, Laptop, CD Player etc. will be provided with this radio. This special cable suits the different impedances between the modern equipment and the receiver. Furthermore the two stereo channels flow into one without increasing the load to the input unit.

SABA is the acronym for Schawarzwälder-Apparate-Bau-Anstalt meaning engineering institute of Technological appliances of the Black Forest.

The company was founded back in 1835 by Joseph Benedikt with the initial name of Jockele-Uhren, but only in 1923 the production of radio devices began and the company went under the name of SABA.
Toward the end of the 20s SABA became famous with the well-known S35 and in the following years it became the second German producer after Telefunken. During the war SABA produced military equipment and in 1945 the company was completely destroyed by a bombing.
In 1947 the production of radio devices began again and SABA distinguished itself immediately for ist avant-garde and high- quality production.

hey also began to produce TVs (the first PAL color TV is a SABA), house appliances and medical equipment. Many Italians used to work there. The Alnico Greencone loudspeakers became popular for their linearity, power handling, constant impendence that would be employed in each Hi-Fi devices of that time.

The radio devices with motorized tuning became popular as well and SABA became the representative German brand meaning quality, reliability and detailed precision. In the 1970s the decline began. According to specialized magazines of that time not having a Japanese device at that time meant not having Hi-Fi. In the 80s Thompson took over SABA. In the 90s the other way around, having a Japanese device of the 70s meant not having Hi-Fi. They found out that they functioned with a 96% counterreaction and that a device with 0.001 db from 1 to 100 KHz extension did not necessarily sound good.

We do not trust our ears and we do trust what other people say not necessarily with a good purpose.
2007: due to insolvency SABA disappeared from the TLC (Chinese) and Thompson (French) joint venture, and SABA ceased to exist.

TONE CONTROLS

The tone control system is peculiar. It is a Baxandall configuration system with a particular feature, it interacts with the feedback system. This ensures an effective control of the band providing at the same time a reduction of distortion. The use, anyway, is very simple, as we can find the usual tone control knobs at the sides of the display. The colour of windows on the display progressively changes with the rotation of each knob. In this way, it is possible to get an impression of how much tones have been enhanced.

The Volume is controlled by the big knob on the left, the physiologic compensation is integrated.
The front knob, smaller, enables to rotate the ferrite aerial.
Moving right, on the tuning dial we can first find the tuning indicator (Magical Eye).
Around the Magical Eye we can see a crown with the indicator of the position of the ferrite aerial.
Just below, we can see the window of the bass tones indicator, and further below the bass tones knob.
Moving further right, we find the dial glass with the different bands, Long Waves, Medium Waves and Short Waves.
The UK section is the scale of the FM band.
Below it, we can see also the scale of the TV channels, which could be listened to installing an additional module.

Moving left we can see the window of the treble indicator, and below the treble knob.
Finally, on the left remain the two concentric knobs of the tuning.
The one on the back, bigger, regulates the tuning of AM bands (OC, OM, OL).
The front one, smaller, regulates the tuning of the FM band (when the UK button is pushed).
When it is the K button to be pushed, instead, the same knob regulates the fine tuning of the Short Waves.
Under the radio we can find the two pre-selection screws of the OM station, which can be listened to by pushing the ORTS-S button.

capella 753 - cn

Philips C…

15th 12 月 201730th 8 月 2023
by giovanni

The Philips Capella 753/4E/3D was the company’s flagship model back in 1955, but in reality, the brand was working towards making it the best piece of technology to come out of Germany, blowing away the competition.

As a matter of fact, they met their goal and produced a unique piece of technology, for both the German and World Wide market.
It’s peculiarities are:

A motorized Tuning
6 memorizable stations
4 power tubes (2xEL84 and 2xUL84)
Dedicated amps for Hi and Low frequencies
An Iron-Free coupling output (OTL)
High Damping Factor with Negative Feedback circuit
4 High impedance speakers

Even though the Philips Capella 753/4E/3D boasts a noticeable size, it’s woodwork, frames, and speaker covers contribute in giving it a much sleeker, eye-pleasing look to complete any furniture display.
The Low frequencies are particularly deep thanks to the separated OTL amplifiers and to the impressive size of the subwoofer, approximately 26cm in diameter (more or less 30 inches).
I suggest making good use of the mid-tweeter, as this successfully crafted speaker (17 cm in diameter) makes the mid and Hi frequencies pleasant and true to life, especially if seated in front of the Machine.

High and Mid Frequencies sections
The FM group is of the variable permeability type.
It has a high amplification and stability. Being equipped with an automatic noise suppressor in the presence of signals below 1.7 V, the output is muted to avoid hearing rustling and noise when searching for stations.
The de-emphasis circuit is set to 50 uS, valid all over the world except for the USA and South Korea. In these countries, the filter should be increased to 75 uS.

The AM section is equipped with a rotating antenna for the OM and OL bands. The antenna can be controlled by a knob on the front.
The mid-frequency sections are composed of three separate filters for AM and FM. The first of these filters is adjustable. The second is the amplifier filter and the third filter further increases the selectivity of the device.

The Motorized Tuning and the amplifier section are examined in detail in the following sections.

All the listed solutions translate into a very low distortion, an increase in power, and a pleasantness of use hardly ever obtained in other appliances.
This is the Philips Capella 753/4E/3D

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth receiver embed

MULTI PLATFORM CONNECTION

Each radio is equipped with a cable for connection to any digital device.

– Multi Platform Connection – A customized adaptation cable to connect any digital device as Iphone, Smartphone, Laptop, CD Player etc. will be provided with this radio. This special cable suits the different impedances between the modern equipment and the receiver. Furthermore the two stereo channels flow into one without increasing the load to the input unit.

In 1891, the brothers Gerard and Anton Philips, started to produce the first incandescent bulbs in Eindhoven.
Later, Philips specialized in the production of electro- medical equipment, and in 1918 introduced the first X-ray tube.
In the following years, Philips began specializing in the broadcasting industry. In 1932 the company succeeded in selling over one million radio equipment and became the world’s first producer.
During the Second World War, Philips transferred to the Netherlands Antilles, and returned to the Netherlands at the end of the conflict.
In the second post- war period, began the production of the first televisions, then the launch of the music cassettes in 1963 and the production of the first integrated circuit in 1965.
In 1982 Philips launched with Sony the first compact disc player.
In 1984 Philips acquired the control of the German Grundig.
In the 90's Philips faced a financial crisis.
In 1991 it inserted on the market the Video CD and it is one of the first companies in the world to develop high definition television.
In 1999 Philips established a joint venture with LG Electronics, named LG Display, which ends in 2009.
In 2006 together with Sony launched the first Blu-ray.
In 2009 Phillips launched the first full-HD LCD TV in 21:9 format.
Phillips holds 48,000 registered patents.
Currently, the production is focused on low- energy lighting products and LED systems and services for diagnostics and production of medical devices.

The preamplifier consists of two stages. At the entrance, the volume potentiometer is equipped with three sockets for physiological correction (loudness). The intervention curves are visible in the first graph.
Philips considers the frequency of 800 Hz to be the center of the audible band, so the treble and bass controls are calculated to enhance the frequencies above and below that value. The choice of this frequency is very important for the musicality and the pleasantness perceived by listening to the device.
In the second graph the frequency response of the preamplifier, with the tones enhanced to the maximum. You notice the different equalization you get by listening to the AM bands (Long Waves, Medium, Short) or listening to the FM band and PHONO.

The final stages are two distinct, one for the low frequencies and one for the high frequencies. These amplifiers control separate speakers, a 26 cm woofer for the bass and three speakers for mid/high frequency, with the 17 cm front speaker disconnectable for 3D effect.
The most interesting feature of these final stages is that they are without an output transformer.

The feature that makes this device very interesting is that each final stage uses a pair of EL84 / UL84 in an ironless configuration, ie without an output transformer (the known critical point of the final stage).
The output stage uses the operating principle called Shunt Regulated Push-Pull (SRPP) used today in HIGH-END amplifiers.
The output transformer limits the bandwidth of the entire amplifier. The bass is limited by the inductance of the primary winding, the treble is limited by the parasitic capacitance resulting from the alternation of the primary and secondary windings. The alternating winding of the primary and the secondary windings is also necessary to improve the coupling and thus reduce the dispersed flow.
The reduction of the dispersed flow increases the damping. This is essential in the loudspeakers mounted inside the cabinet of the radios, which do not work in hermetically closed boxes, and which are therefore free to move almost without resistance from the surrounding air.

The two output tubes (EL84, UL84) of each channel, four final valves in total, are connected in series with DC-DC coupling. Each UL84 is configured as a triode.
The output is taken from the cathode of the UL84. The speaker has an impedance of 800 ohms, identical to the average impedance that occurs on the catode, whereby direct coupling (without transformer) is possible between the final stage and the loudspeaker.
The Philips Capella 753 is therefore totally free of all the problems deriving from the output transformers.

The damping of the loudspeakers is kept high by the low dynamic resistance of the feedback loop.

Another feature of the Philips Capella 753/4E/3D is motorized tuning and preset memory.
Using 6 keys on the keyboard it is possible to memorize 3 FM stations, 2 in Medium Waves and 1 in Long Waves.
Pressing one of the storage keys via a cable pulls the lever H. The opposite side of that lever is pushed towards the disk R. This disk is divided into two parts with different diameters. Depending on how the disc is positioned, the lever H moves by activating a switch that turns the motor to the right or left until the lever H is fitted on the groove on the disc R. At this point, the motor stops. The R disks are rigidly connected to the axis A1 and through frictions to the R disk.

Tuning procedure

When a memory key is pressed, the motor will start to turn to the right or left according to the above.
Through the gears, Z1, Z2, Z4, Z5 the axis A1 is turned. Through the gears, Z6, Z7 the variable capacitor is rotated, which stops when the lever H engages in the groove of R.
To memorize a station, simply press the button on which it is to be stored, pull the tuning knob and turn it to the desired station.

The 28 cm loudspeaker, with a 25 mm diameter magnetic core, is placed at the front.
A front 17 cm mid-tweeter can also be switched off if you want to increase the 3D effect.
On the two sides, there are two elliptical tweeters pointing upwards. Radiating to the ceiling of the room to take advantage of the reflections of the environment that add to the direct radiation produce an expansion of the soundstage.
There are no dangers of stationary wave due to the working frequency of these speakers.

There are several options for connecting external speakers.
It is, in fact, possible to connect an external woofer, excluding or not the internal woofer while leaving all the other speakers active.
It is possible to connect external medium-high units, excluding or not the internal mid-tweeters, while leaving the internal woofer active.
It is possible to connect woofers and external medium-high units, excluding or not all, or some, internal speakers.

In the center of the speaker panel is the Magic Eye which indicates the perfect tuning of each station.
KLANGREGLER - Low Tone Indicator (FA Key) and High Tone Indicator (SOL Key).
Just below we find the large Volume knob, with built-in automatic loudness correction.
Coaxially you can see the 3 position Speaker Selector Lever (External Only - Indoor + Outdoor - Indoor Only)
Below we find the two coaxial knobs arranged horizontally, which respectively command the Bass Tones and the Treble Tones.
In the middle, we see the dial scale of the AM bands on a dark background (Long Waves - Medium - Short) and the dial scale of the FM band on a golden background.
FERROCEPTOR - Indicator of the position of the internal ferrite antenna. This internal antenna (excludable with the HA key) is used in the OM and OL bands. The internal antenna must be rotated until the best tuning is achieved.
Just below we find the large knob of the Manual Tuning, whose movement is very pleasant being supported by a large flywheel.
ZEIGER - Coaxially you can see the drive lever of the Motorized Tuning. It can be moved in the two directions, to the left or to the right.
Finally, underneath again we find the Rotation knob of the Ferrite Antenna.

To store a station you must:
1 - press the desired memory key.
2 - Pull the tuning knob and tune to your favorite station.
3 - Release the tuning knob.

braun - cn

Braun RCS…

24th 6 月 20175th 10 月 2017
by giovanni

BRAUN建造的最佳电子管接收器
Same receiver you find on model with turntable Atelier 2 and 3.

但让我们从头开始。接收器部分可以说是Braun电子管设备生产的极限。德国最大的电子管接收器生产还是属于这些大厂，比如Telefunken Opus 2550，Nordmende 3004，Graetz Stereo Unit 250，the Saba Studio I等。

本装置的主要特点是电路的简化（现今而言是理所当然的，但1961年被认为是一个显着的特点）。Braun不同于其他设备，针对低失真和杰出的音乐透明度其负反馈减少到单一的电阻（图中红色圈记）。

权威的声音控制电路：一个非常有效的且平衡的Baxandall电路（图中黄色圈记）。它允许依据电位器而不改变信号的相位状况下控制声音。

响度电路（图中绿色圈记）是非常简单的而且低频重点研究是正确的。声音质量和德律风根，Nordmende是一样好；和Grundig和Graetz在同一水平，Braun也许比他們更细致。

你肯定需要一組高效率的扬声器。其惊人的设计和其性能对这种升级的设备是有价值的。

FM频率范围

调频频率范围从88扩大到104兆赫(MHz)

放大器的改进

新的放大器改用静音电容器及电阻

立体声解码器

配备MPX解码器

蓝牙

内置蓝牙接收器

- FM频率范围从88到104兆赫---在1950 / 60年代德国生产的电子管收音机是世界闻名的，这是因为他们出色的声音质量，他们美丽的机箱外型，他们的实力和他们没有妥协的作业标准。不幸的是，FM频段只有从87.5~100兆赫，但无法接收到100兆赫以上的电台，经过仔细的研究和大量的测试，我们能够获得的频率范围由原有范围扩大至88~104兆赫。我们还重建了一个与原始完全相同的玻璃面板，用相同的材料和相同的技术，且与新的频率范围对应，结果是完美的。使我们可以在任何国家收听到大部分的FM电台。

相容性特点：
-比Braun稍新几年
-与原来的唱片机尺寸相当
-Piezo唱头: 所以它能夠在Braun前置放大器完美地工作
改进特点：
- 唱头重量调整
- 抗滑调整
这是必要的一个重要的上方面板调整工作，但结果是完美的，似乎是与生俱来的。

- - 放大器的改进---新的高品质金属膜电阻器取代嘈杂的老式碳复合电阻。旧的电容器完全更新，新的电阻器具有非常低的寄生损耗（ESR）。我们非常注意这些老旧零配件的续用性。所有的改进都是实质性的。

- -超静音MPX解码器--- MPX解码器引入RF和BF阶段之间。通常没有这个装置的。这个解码器是由和我一起工作德国工程师特别为这个接收器设计的。噪音电平非常低。串话干扰完美校准。正确的接收条件，结果是一个准确的声学重建

- 蓝牙接收器加装-该单位配备了一个蓝牙接收器，直接由收音机供应电源。这使得有可能控制放大器从任何外部数字设备作为一个iPad，智能手机，或一个复杂的多媒体站。所以你能无线听到您喜欢的网站或你的无损档案。无线接收器可根据要求选配。

- Walter Gropius, 新建筑与包豪斯, 剑桥、麻省理工大学出版社, 1968, ©1965.
- Gropius - Marston Fitch, Walter Gropius, 纽约, G. Braziller, (世界建筑大师系列), 1960.
- Magdalena Droste; Angelika Taschen, 包豪斯 1919 - 1933, Ko?ln Taschen 2002,
- Reissinger; Robinson; Siebenbrodt, Bauhaus Weimar - 设计的未来, Ostfildern-Ruit : Hatje Cantz Publishers, 2000.
- Jaeggi-Schwaiger, Fagus: 从Werkbund到Bauhaus的工业文化, 纽约 , Princeton Architectural Press, 2000.
- Hans-Joachim Braun, 在第二十世纪的德国经济（德意志帝国和联邦共和国），纽约出版社， Routledge, New York 1990.
- Jonathan M Woodham, 第二十年代的设计，牛津大学出版社，牛津， 1997.
- Nigel Whiteley, 为社会的设计，伦敦，Reaktion Books, 1998.

Web:
- http://www.bauhaus.de/
- http://designmuseum.org/design/dieter-rams
- http://gizmodo.com/5411868/dieter-rams-gallery/gallery/10
- http://www.formguide.de/en/designers/overview/peter-keler/

1961年是“第二十世纪历史”的“十字路口”之一。在欧洲，这一年的事件将留下深刻的印记，无论是好是坏。战后的国际形势发生了深刻的变化。那些打败纳粹德国的国家现在在军事上和思想上都是对立的。从年初起，冷战影响了全世界，新的全球战争的威胁出现在这一点上不可避免的。在这种阴郁的气候下，人类接连发生了一系列重大事件。

特别是在德国，1961年被回忆起“长城之年”。几天后，德意志民主共和国当局下令建造一个双层墙和武装监视系统，目的是阻止民主德国（含首都东柏林）和德意志联邦共和国（简称“联邦德国”或“西德”）所属的西柏林之间人员的自由往来。柏林墙成为东西柏林地区之间的对比，逐渐涉及到整个世界的象征，不久之后将在两年后与古巴危机的核灾难的边缘。

对比两个超级大国涉及经济和政治生活的各个领域。科学研究为征服太空而铺路，也开辟了美国与苏联之间的另一场太空竞赛。1961年4月12日，Yuri Gagarin与东方1号是第一次人类在太空轨道环绕地球的。美利坚合众国必须承认这是苏联技术发展的巨大飞跃。

这是以对立身份出现知识分子之间建立的桥梁。对文化而言1961年果然也是不平凡的一年：Ivo Andric是获得诺贝尔文学奖；法兰克福学派实证主义与辩证唯物主义之间的争论。Karl Popper和Theodor Adorno讨论了科学的研究方法，产生了“Positivismusstreit”，即实证主义和唯物辩证法之间的冲突，将影响未来的认识论的争论。哲学论争是由马克思主义和实证主义的不同意识形态观所引发的。海明威自杀，Primo Levi写道“休止/停战”，历经啤酒的地狱后回到生活世界的帐单。

此外，已在第二次世界大战中被摧毁，在50年代继续形成了一个前所未有的经济增长时期的铺垫，1961年经济繁荣年和重新建设的欧洲。福利社会兴起，德国处于第一线。

德国文化的重新发现者Weimar。而艺术和戏剧的先锋派的代表，如Brecht. Walter Gropius.在1919的包豪斯建筑的革命倾向的创始人，Walter Gropius是BAUHAUS学校的创办人,包豪斯的目的是将艺术和工艺结合起来，以此解决工业革命所产生的问题。Walter Gropius认为，“必须形成一个新的设计学派来影响本国的工业界”。第二次世界大战后，他的建筑理论和实践为各国建筑界所推崇。他认为现代建筑师要创造自己的美学章法，“通过精确的不含糊的形式，清新的对比，各种部件之间的秩序，形体和色彩的匀称与统一来创造自己的美学章法。这是社会的力量与经济所需要的。在日常生活用品的设计中，包豪斯强调设计家要着眼于工业大生产，要为大多数人生产实用美观的物品，而不是为少数的富豪生产奢侈品。

新的建筑技术的概念进入大公司槽由聘请设计师，新的专业，开始影响生产线。随着事情的新方法，是产品的销售对象是在一个“总”的产品来看，这是一个综合的技术和概念，现代的设计理念为我们目前的意思是天生的。

Braun是最早决定投资设计的公司之一。最好的设计师是Dieter Rams，他出生于1932年5月20日，出生地是德国的威斯巴登。1947年他在威斯巴登的Werkkunst学校建筑学专业学习。1955年他成为1921年建立的Braun公司的一位建筑师和室内设计师，1956年开始为他们设计产品。1961年他成为布劳恩公司产品设计和发展部门的领导。他曾为建筑师奥图·阿培尔（Otto Apel）短暂地工作，随后便加入家电用品制造商百灵的设计部门，同时期建立起与乌尔姆造型学院的产学合作关系，1961年晋升为百灵首席设计师，一直到1995年仍留有这个头衔。他带来了发展“符合人体工程学的重要性”的概念，总结了他的名言"Weniger, aber besser",，即“少，但更好”，或者更广泛意义上的“少，只要更好”。他在作品中对Bauhaus的影响是明显的，特别是Peter Keler的作品，从他作为概念的“空间”和“线性”的作品为“wiege（摇篮）”，1922翻译成简单和优雅的线条。

Carlo Giacchin

1.好的设计是革新的: 永远不要为了设计革新而革新。

2.好的设计是实用的: 产品是供人使用的，好的设计强调产品的实用性。

3.好的设计是美观的: 一个产品的审美品质和它的实用性是不可分割的，因为产品每天都在使用，对人们和他们的幸福都有影响。

4. 好的设计使产品可以理解: 它能够自己解释自己。

5.好的设计是谨慎克制的: 履行某种功能的产品具有工具属性，它们既不是装饰物也不是艺术品。

6.好的设计是诚实的: 产品不应该看起来比实际上更创新、更高效和更有价值，它不试图通过无法兑现的承诺来操纵消费者。

7.好的设计是经久永恒的: 它避免迎合时尚，也因此不会过时。

8.好的设计在细枝末节处也维持一致: 不要容忍随意和偶然。设计的逻辑性和准确性，最终都是表达对消费者的尊重。

9.好的设计是环保的:设计是要为保护环境作出重要贡献。

10.好的设计是尽可能少的设计: 少，但更好。回到纯净，回到简单。

4040W/3d - cn

Grundig 4…

20th 3 月 201724th 4 月 2023
by giovanni

At first glance this Grundig looks like a regular high class device of the prestigious german brand. It is not like that.

At that time Grundig was producing its three high class models: the 4040, the5040 and the 5050.
These devices were produced both in 3D with side loudspeakers and only with front loudspeakers.
Compared to front loudspeaker radios, 3D models are endowed with a strong depth effect as far as the sound image is concerned.

Motorized tuning

The three 3D system high class models were also equipped with a motorized tuning system.
It is clearly possible to manually tune the stations by employing the switch to exclude the motor.
The tuning mechanism is an authentic masterwork and it will be described as follows.
The video file (37,31 Mb), which can be downloaded, best shows the functioning of the 4040W/3D.

In those years Grundig began to intensely export its products to the USA. The demand got to such a high level that the joint-venture with the American brand Majestic was created.
Technical specifications of these devices were even stricter than those produced for the inner and the European market.
Grundig decided to produce devices that were suitable for European broadcasting systems while employing Majestic’s restrictive specifications. This 4040W/3D model is one of those rare Grundig/Majestic appliances

It is equipped with a double output transformer for low and medium-high frequencies.
Regular 4040W/3D used to be equipped with a single output transformer. The 4040W/3D has the powerful (18W) EL12 as its power tube.

Other than the electrostatic tweeter, the 4040W/3D has a huge elliptical multioctave woofer with a die-cast drum, which ensures a deep and sweet bass even with the central bass potentiometer (which I suggest).

Watching the big needle going through the scale of its own accord is extremely fascinating.
Due to its design and the robust piece of furniture, which works as a real loudspeaker, the sound of this device is extremely warm and well-rounded.
Further information about the extraordinary refinement of this device will be listed down below. A real delight both to be listened in on and to be seen.
Furthermore, its rareness makes of it a real collector’s item.

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth receiver embed

MULTI PLATFORM CONNECTION

Each radio is equipped with a cable for connection to any digital device.

1930 - At 22 years old Max Grundig begin a radio repair business.

1939 - The II world War start. Grundig works primarily for the Wehrmacht and repair of telecommunication equipment.

1945 - Immediately after the war, the demand for repair work was very great. Max Grundig built the first two Grundig appliances: the Tubatest tube tester and the Novatest testing device.

1947 - Start the sale of a kit radio, the Heinzelmann. The unit is the basis of success, sold more than 15,000 pieces.

1950 - Very high frequency (VHF) is introduced to Germany and places new demands on the industry. Grundig launches the 380 W on the market.

1952 - The first television channel starts up in Germany. After intensive research, Grundig launches the FS 080 onto the market. In the same year the first portable tape recorder Reporter 500 L is created.

1956 - After a lot of radio produced with progrssively high performances was produced the Concert Radio 5080 equipped with an equaliser, which has five controls and a visual display.

1965 - A new factory is established in Braga, Portugal. The Satellit 205 is one of many appliances in the Satellit series. This product marks the beginning of Grundig production of high-quality global receivers.

1970 - The Audiorama 7000 Hi-fi was produced, it has twelve dynamic speaker systems in one speaker.

1976 - The Reel Tape Recorder TS 1000 is equipped for semi-professional use.

1980 - The slim-line Hi-fi Tuner ST 6000 and the Monolith Hi-fi Dynamic Flat Top Antenna, which has 22 speaker systems, are two particularly popular appliances in the new hi-fi range.

1984 - After severe drop in sales Philips increased its stake in Grundig 31.6 percent and takes over the corporate management.

1997 - Philips pulls out of its involvement with Grundig.

2003 - The company files for bankruptcy.

2008 - Turkey's Koç Holding took full ownership of Grundig Multimedia B.V., the parent company of Grundig Intermedia GmbH in Nuremberg.

Courtesy of: Grundig

The tones control system is very efficient. Above the large tone control knobs there is a band that lights up gradually indicating the emphasis on the band on which it acts.
A detail specific for “extreme” technical radios lovers: the high-tone control knob is linked to two thin ropes. One of them is for the position indicator of the control itself, whereas the other changes the position of the ferrite in the MF transformers modifying the inclination of the transformer’s curve.
By doing so high tones were attenuated/accentuated even before getting to the BF stage. Tone control was usually put into effect with the potentiometer on the tension amplifier stage.

Another refined feature: like other devices ( also lower class) the ferrite antenna is rotable and it can be activated through an external knob.
It places the antenna orthogonally in respect to the repeater so as to receive the highest signal. As far as this device is concerned the ferrite antenna is introduced through a switch, which is automatically switched on when the knob is turned. The latter is coaxial to the volume knob.

The position of the antenna can be read through the transparency of the magic eye. The resulting effect is amazing. When the antenna is disconnected you can read AUS on the magic eye.

Inside the case there is dipole for FM reception as well as an adjustable ferrite antenna for AM reception.

Remarkable is the perception of the reception with the inner antennas. The employment of an outer antenna ensure and unbelievably good perception. This device was indeed produced when there were a few and very far from each other radio stations.

The tuning system is a real masterwork.
When the tuning switch is on AUS the tuning is manual as in regular devices.
When the automatic tuning switch is on EIN the current station is “mechanically” stored.

Example:
I pushed UKW2 and I am listening to a 89.90MHz station.
If I now push any of the other tuning buttons, the motor will take the pointer to the last listened station.
Pushing then UKW2 again the motor tunes exactly at 89.90 MHz.

The process can be repeated for any station on UKW1 UKW2 MW1 MW2 and LW bands.

The mechanical memorization is achieved through a number of frictions, springs, steel tie-rods and levers that require an accurate calibration.
Once calibrated and oiled, the mechanical system is extremely reliable and robust.
Its cogged wheels and flexible steel-blade frictions prevent any possible slid. A remarkable example of mechanical engineering.

On the left you can find the volume control (with incorporated loudness) and the ferrite antenna’s rotation control.
You can see the antenna position indicator and behind that the magic eye. The AM scale for short, medium I and II and long waves.
FM I and II scale.
On the lower left side there are the ON/OFF, record player, the long, medium 1, medium 2, short waves, FM1 and FM2 tuning button.
Lastly the tuning knob is supported by a big fly-wheel which creates a pleasant movement.
The tuning switch is coaxial to the tuning knob and you can see the automatic/manual tuning switch.
Below there are the two bass and high control knobs.

177w - cn

Graetz Sp…

8th 3 月 201725th 4 月 2023
by giovanni

The Graetz Spitzen Super 177W is the most prestigious Graetz radio produced in the early 50s. “Spitzen Super” means extra strong, the device’s vocation.
This device is huge and does not hide its pride of being on the A list. The cabinet, in my opinion, is the best among the Graetz devices. The wood flames are deliberately noticeable and give the cabinet a certain lightness. Its blunted edges and again lighten the overall aspect of the cabinet.

The sound of this device is rather smooth and its knobs can be turned without twitches. Tuning stability is given by the heavy fly-wheel located on the same axis of the control and ensuring inertia.

The power stage is a push-pull of two EL84 like many other later Hi-Fi amplifiers. The remarkable loudspeaker array with a huge wide band elliptical woofer, an elliptical midrange and a cone tweeter on the backside.
The sound is powerful and very precise. Graetz favored sound quality over pure power and wanted to document the details of this choice. Further on, on this page, you can find an entire section describing the actions made on this device. Usual profound bass, medium is there and acute is sharp. Clearly the valve final creates no problem with the listening.

This Graetz is certainly the result of an accurate study and of an expensive project in order to be among the best at that time.
The counterreaction circuits are very complex and tone controls are inside them, so that the emphasis given to the controls varies according to the volume. This effects adds to the fact that the circuit is equipped with a more than one stage loudness. When the acute sounds are at the highest the medium AM bell-shaped curve can be changes with the help of a switch integrated in the potentiometer. By doing this the acute sounds of that band can be further raised.
Many other remarkable elements characterize this device. An example is the number of condensers employed. A beautiful high quality device, with a fascinating aesthetics, perfectly functioning and with a powerful and “cozy” sound.

BLUETOOTH

Bluetooth receiver embed

MULTI PLATFORM CONNECTION

Each radio is equipped with a cable for connection to any digital device.

The Ehrich & Graetz metalworks was a factory established in 1866 in Berlin by Albert Graetz (1831–1901) and the tradesman Emil Ehrich (died 1887) under the name "Lampen-Fabrik Ehrich & Graetz OHG" (E&G).
By 1897 the firm was controlled by Albert's sons, Max Graetz, and Adolf Graetz. The company grew rapidly, and in 1899 factory complexes were built in Berlin, in the United States, France, the UK, and Bombay.
Around 1910-1916 Max Graetz developed the famous Petromax Lantern. Around 1925 the factory also produced radios, and other electrical appliances under the name Graetzor.

In the Second World War, just as in the First World War, the company was part of the war industry. With the use of forced laborers from France, Russia and the Netherlands the company made huge gains in production.
At the end of April 1945 the factory was claimed by the Russian army.

In 1949 the firm became part of the "peoples" program, "VEB-VolksEigenerBetrieb" and since 1950 "VEB Fernmeldewerk, Berlin Treptow (RFFT)." VolksEigenerBetrieb, means that the factory was owned by the people for the people (Communism)

In 1948 Erich, and Fritz Graetz founded a new company in Altena, Germany known by the name The Graetz Firm, which was successor to the lost family company in Berlin. The new company produced mainly radios and televisions.
In 1961 the company was then sold to Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL) AG, but since 1987 has been to the present owned by the Finnish company Nokia.

On the left side you can see the volume control knob (with incorporated loudness).
On the same axis there is the regulation of the ferrite aerial.
On the right the magic eye indicating the perfect tuning of each station.
Below the bass tones indicator and further below its control knob.
The Long, Medium, and Short Wave AM scale and the FM scale.
On left-hand corner on the bottom the Off, record player, recorder buttons and those for Long, Medium 1, 2, Short and FM Wave bands.
On the right the treble indicator and its control knob.

Preamplifier - Sine Wave - 1000 Hz
Preamplifier - Triangle Wave - 1000 Hz
Preamplifier - Square Wave - 1000 Hz
Inverter stage - Triangle Wave - 1000 Hz
Anode output power tubes - Sine wave - 1000 Hz
Output on own loudspeakers - Square wave - 1000 Hz
Output on own loudspeakers - Sine wave - 20 Hz
Output on own loudspeakers - Sine wave - 100 Hz
Output on own loudspeakers - Sine wave - 5000 Hz
Output on own loudspeakers - Sine wave - 15000 Hz

german radios - cn

Graetz Si…

29th 1 月 20176th 4 月 2023
by giovanni

从第二次世界大战到60年代，Graetz被认为是最负盛名的无线电制造商之一，在那个年代由于在欧洲的高成本和经济条件，它从来没有达到高销售业绩。
Graetz设备一直被赞赏是因为他们的准确和优雅的做工，最重要的是，不断创新和专利的声学解决方案的研究。
SINFONIA 4R／221在1955 / 1956年是Graetz生产中最著名的系列核心产品，配备Rundstrahl-Raumklang durch Klangkompressor（全方位环绕声压缩机）。
我们将进一步看看Graetz创新的音响系统；喇叭声音传播通过特定的设计路径精确地查找出声音是非常重要的，以使房间的所有点获得完全相同的听觉效果。

中高音频是由一个看似装饰网格放置在机箱的上侧向四面八方传播。
此效果令人激动。由于巨大的低音单元安装于机箱前端内，大片的共鸣板使得低音是非常深和非常强的；高音清晰，明亮和愉快的。

声音的印象是如此的广泛，饱满而丰富，整体的音响效果让你一见钟情，甚至是当第一个音符响起。
希腊庙宇式的机箱是非常好和坚固，比例平衡，其不对称性令人印象深刻的。
正如预期的那样，极致的修复完成。

这收音机所有的设计都是令人兴奋的，从敏锐的按键和坚固的机械噪声，到愉悦柔和的音调和音量控制，直到伴随着调谐旋钮运动令人安心的大飞轮。由于其两阶段的中频调谐高度准确和稳定。但为什么会有人不想买它？SINFONIA 4R依然是一个相当昂贵的收音机，这可能真的是唯一的原因！

FM频率范围

调频频率范围从88扩大到108兆赫(MHz)

蓝牙

加装蓝牙接收器

多平台的连接

每台收音机都配备了一条连接到任何数字设备的音频线。

- FM频率范围从88到108兆赫---在1950 / 60年代德国生产的电子管收音机是世界闻名的，这是因为他们出色的声音质量，他们美丽的机箱外型，他们的实力和他们没有妥协的作业标准。不幸的是，FM频段只有从87.5~100兆赫，但无法接收到100兆赫以上的电台，经过仔细的研究和大量的测试，我们能够获得的频率范围由原有范围扩大至88~108兆赫。我们还重建了一个与原始完全相同的玻璃面板，用相同的材料和相同的技术，且与新的频率范围对应，结果是完美的。使我们可以在任何国家收听到所有的FM电台。

– 多平台连接-一个定制的适应电缆连接任何数字设备，如iPhone，智能手机，笔记本电脑，CD播放器等将提供这台收音机。这种特殊的电缆适合现代设备和接收机之间的不同阻抗。此外，两个立体声信道流入一个不增加负载的输入单元。

Ehrich & Graetz金属制品厂由Albert Graetz（1831–1901）和商人Emil Ehrich（死于1887）以“Lampen-Fabrik Ehrich & Graetz OHG” (E&G). 为公司名称成立于1866年柏林。
到1897时，公司由Albert的儿子Max Graetz和Adolf Graetz控制。公司发展迅速，1899分别在柏林、美国、法国、英国和孟买建立工厂。
在1910-1916 年Max Graetz成立了著名的Petromax Lantern公司。1925年工厂也以Graetzor公司名稱開始生产收音机和其他电器。

就像第一次世界大战一样，在第二次世界大战中该公司成為战争工业的一部分。随着来自法国、俄罗斯和中国的强迫劳工的使用，该公司在生产上取得了巨大的收益。
1945年四月底这家工厂被俄国军队占领了。

1949年公司成为“人民”计划的一部分，自1950年成為“VEB VolksEigenerBetrieb” “VEB Fernmeldewerk, Berlin Treptow (RFFT).” VolksEigenerBetrieb,，意味着工厂的人拥有者是人民（共产主义）。

1948年Erich和Fritz Graetz在德国Altena成立了一家新的公司名稱為Graetz公司，这是Graetzor在柏林遭沒收的家族公司的继任者。这家新公司主要生产收音机和电视机1961年公司再卖给Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL) AG，但自1987年以来一直到现在由芬兰Nokia公司拥有。

Musica 和 Melodia兩型號没有太多的分享，Sinfornia 4R这个型號是被设计来满足当代富有的发烧友的需求。
这台收音机的声音一直很出色。
当这项修复完成后，我有机会聆听美妙的NBC交响乐团- Harmonia Mundi，G小调大协奏曲“Christmas”的发烧版。音乐播放器是我的Marantz CD94 MKII插入
录音磁带输入。
經由SINFONIA 4R听交响乐真是令人兴奋的，甚至比听我自己的音响更精彩，虽然他们都对我很苛刻的标准定制。
下面，详细介绍，从声音扩散系统开始。